India and EU by Bhaswati Mukherjee

Author:Bhaswati Mukherjee
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Book Network Int'l Limited trading as NBN International (NBNi)
Published: 2018-08-01T16:00:00+00:00

Endnotes

1 There are some alternative models for a future UK/EU relationship:

(1) The Norway Model: Norway is in the European Economic Area (EEA) but not in the EU. Following that approach would mean that the UK would leave the EU but join the EEA as a non-EU Member State. The Norway model is as close to being an EU Member State as a country can be without actually being in the EU, and thus would likely involve the least amount of change (and therefore risk) compared to the status quo. EEA membership would mean the UK continuing to have access to the Single Market. However, EEA membership would require the UK to make important concessions. EEA countries are still required to make contributions to the EU budget. They are also generally obliged to abide by the EU’s Single Market rules, as well as certain other aspects of EU law, but without any formal vote or say on how those rules are made. In particular, EEA countries have to accept the EU’s free movement principles, including the free movement of workers. Because EEA countries are outside the EU Customs Union, they do not benefit from EU trade deals with other non-EU countries, though the corollary is that they are free to enter into their own trading arrangements. EEA countries are also not covered by the EU’s Common Agricultural and Fisheries Policies.

(2) Negotiated Bilateral Agreement: The UK might also look to enter into bilateral trade agreements that would allow access to the single market on a negotiated basis. There are many different ways this could be done, and any agreement between the UK and the EU would presumably be unique. However, the examples of Switzerland and Canada present useful examples of what the relationship might look like. The challenge with any bilateral model is that agreements can take years to negotiate (the EU-Canada agreement took seven years to finalize). The length of the negotiations, not to mention their success or failure, would therefore largely depend on the willingness of the remaining EU Member States to reach a deal with the UK.

2 Tim Farrow was the Leader of the Liberal Democrats in UK from July 2015 to July 2017, following the 2017 UK general elections. He has been succeeded by Sir John Vincent Cable. Tim Farrow supported UK staying within the EU.

3 The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament. It is independent from, and complements the work of, the elected House of Commons. The Lords shares the task of making and shaping laws and checking and challenging the work of the Government. However, the House of Commons is supreme and can reject recommendations from the Lords. The Lords has three main roles: making laws; in-depth consideration of public policy and holding government to account. Members or peers come from varied professional backgrounds and are appointed by the Queen.

4 Michel Barnier is a French politician who has been serving as European Chief Negotiator for Brexit since December 2016. He has

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